ORCHIDACEAE

Interest-orchid Orchidaceae anggrekan or is a member of the tribe of flowering plants with most species. The types of widespread wet tropical areas to circumpolar region, although most members are found in the tropics. Most members of this tribe live as epiphytes, especially those from tropical regions. Orchids in temperate regions usually live in soil and tuber shape as a way of adapting to winter. Organs which tend to be thick and "meaty" (succulent) makes it stand the pressure of water availability. Epiphytic orchids can live from moisture and humid air.

Members of the importance of a well known man is ornamental orchids and flowers vanili.berkelopak beautiful and colorful

The characteristics of botany

Members of this clan tend to have a succulent organs or "fleshy": thick with high water content. Thus he can live in conditions of low water availability. Water is obtained from the rain, droplets, dew, or moisture in the air. However, orchids are not found in desert areas because roots are not intensive. Orchids like light but not direct sunlight so that he usually found in nature as a plant floor or in the shade of the forest. As ornamental plants, orchids stand in the room.

Root fibers, not inside. The types of epiphytes that develop roots and succulent stems attached to the tree where he grew up, but does not harm the host tree. There is also a growing geofitis, with another term means terrestria grown in soil with roots in the soil. There is also a saprophyte, growing on a medium dry leaves and decayed wood that has decayed into humus. At the root surface is often found root fungus (mycorrhiza) are symbiotic with orchids.

Orchids stems jointed. Orchids that live in the ground ("ground orchid") is short and tends to resemble the stem tubers. Meanwhile, the trunk epiphytic orchids grow well, often thickened and covered a layer of wax to prevent excessive evaporation. Stem growth can be "elongated" (monopodial) or "widened" (simpodial), depending on the genus.

Orchids usually elongated oval leaves with elongated leaves the bone anyway, typical monocot leaf. The leaves can also thicken and serve as water storage.

Orchid-shaped flowers and a distinctive penciri that sets it apart from other tribal members. Orchid flowers arrayed compound, arising from the elongated flower stalks, leaves emerging from the armpits. The flowers of bilateral symmetry. Strands of flower petals (sepals) are usually colored with a crown-like flowers (so-called tepals). One strand of modified petals form a kind of "tongue" that protects a structure that carries accessories stamens and pistil. Stamen has a stalk is very short with two small disc-shaped anthers (called "pollinia") and protected by a small structure that must be opened by insect pollinators (or humans for vanilla) and carry pollen to the pistil mouth. Without the help of organisms pollinators, pollination will not occur.

Orchid-shaped fruit capsule that is green when ripe and dry and open from the side. Seeds are small and lightweight, so easy in the wind. Orchid seeds do not have a network storage of food reserves and even the embryo has not reached perfect maturity. New germination occurred when seeds fall on the corresponding medium and continue its development until maturity.

Kinship between orchid species based on morphological characteristics of plants and flowers

Based on the results of analysis of variance for the characters plant height, leaf length, leaf width, ratio of leaf length with leaf width, number of flowers, flower stalk length, diameter and length of flower petals from the sixteenth orchid species tested showed significant differences in effect.

It appears that G. scriptum has a leaf length, width and length of leaf stalk the highest real interest among sixteenth orchid species tested. However, the diameter of the flower (6.24 cm) species is noticeably smaller than D. stratiotes. D. Flowers stratiotes has the largest apparent diameter of the species tested, namely 9.27 cm. Similarly, the number of flowers produced by G. real scriptum less than D. secundum, respectively 27.75 and 50. This suggests that the length and width of leaves are not guaranteed to produce large flowers are large and numerous.

Plant height D. anosmum has the highest value, ie 118.40 cm, a real contrast to high plant to fifteen other species of orchids. This form pseudobulb orchid stems or pseudo-stem that grows hanging down. Only when the growth of new shoots alone, the growth of this orchid pseudobulb upward. Subsequent stem growth hanging downward, along with the increased length of the shortest pseudobulb.Tanaman orchid is B. lobii (5.00 cm). In contrast to D. anosmum, B. lobii has a stem of bulb. High value species of orchids are not real different from D. bracteosum (17.77 cm), D. Capra (12.15 cm), D. Johannis (34.48 cm), D. macrophyllum (31.12 cm), D. phalaenopsis (20.02 cm), P. amboinensis, P. violaceae, A. miniatum and G. scriptum.

G. scriptum has the longest and widest leaves. Leaf width G. scriptum equal to the width of leaves of P. violaceae, P. amboinensis and D. macrophyllum. The width of the smallest leaf is owned D. Capra (1.09 cm) is equal to D. bracteosum (1.56 cm), D. Johannis (1.76 cm), D. phalaenopsis (2.36 cm) and A. miniatum (1.52 cm).

Ratio of length to the width value has the largest leaves of V. tricolor, amounting to 10.48; are not significantly different from D. Capra (9.55). Long with a width ratio of the value of the smallest leaf is owned by D. stratiotes (2.20) are not significantly different from D. macrophyllum, D. secundum, D. undulatum, D. veratrifolium, P. amboinensis and P. violaceae (each with a value of 3.05; 2.75, 2.25; 2.48; 2.73 and 2.68).

The number of flowers that most owned by D. secundum (50 pieces) and least owned by B. lobii (1 fruit) are not real different from D. anosmum, D. bracteosum, D. Capra, D. Johannis, D. phalaenopsis, D. stratiotes, P. amboinensis, P. violaceae and A. miniatum. Characteristics of interest B. lobii lies in labellumnya that can sway when the wind. With the characteristic of interest such as this, orchids B. lobii has the designation of the tongue orchid flowers swaying or rocking. G. scriptum has the longest flower stalks between the sixteenth orchid species tested, which is 92.27 cm. The length of the shortest flower stalks are owned by the orchid D. anosmum (1.36 cm), which equals the length of flower stalks of orchids D. bracteosum, D. secundum, P. amboinensis, P. violaceae, A. miniatum and B. lobii.

The diameter of the largest orchid, which is owned by D. 9.27 cm stratiotes. D. stratiotes has a crown of flowers (petala) long twisted straight upwards. The amount of the orchid flower diameter equal to the amount of interest diameter D. anosmum. The diameter of the smallest interest is owned by the orchid D. secundum (0.74 cm). The size of the smallest diameter of this orchid is caused by these flowers can not open or bloom to the fullest. The size of a mini flowers, arranged very tightly, and in one flower stalk consists of a lot of flowers, a characteristic that makes D. secundum given the designation as an orchid brush. Diameter size orchids orchids being equivalent to the A. miniatum (1.13 cm).

Petals (sepala) longest owned by orchids B. lobii (6 cm) are significantly different with fifteen other species of orchids. This orchid has sepala dorsale or upper petals erect, yellow and long. Sepala shortest owned by the orchid type A. miniatum (0.63 cm) are similar in size to the orchid D. secundum (0.92 cm). Of the sixteen species of orchids that were tested, only four species that have a stem monopodial type of growth, namely P. amboinensis, P. violaceae, Vanda tricolor and A. miniatum. The twelve species of orchids belonging to other types of stem growth simpodial. In terms of aroma of flowers, there is a diversity of aroma-scented flowers ranging from no to very flavorful. Similarly, the greenish color of the leaves, just Vanda tricolor leaves are different colors with fifteen other species of orchids.

Each type shows a different character from one another. The difference is due to differences in habitat of orchids taken from the concerned. Original habitat of orchids give effect to the growth of orchids through the influence of sunlight, weather or climatic conditions, air temperature, air humidity and the availability of nutrients can be absorbed by the plant to support growing orchids orchid plants, which in turn affects the quality and quantity of interest generates. Although there is a diversity of characters from each of the tested species of orchids, there are also similarities of character.

Based Orchid Growth Types

Monopodial

This orchid has only one rod and just one growing point. The flowers grow from the stem end. These orchids can be propagated by stem cuttings and seeds. example: Vanda sp., and Phalaenopsis sp. (Moon Orchid).

Simpodial

Anggek has more than one growing point. The new shoots emerge from around the main stem. Flowers may appear at the top or side of the trunk, but there are also emerging from the roots to stay. The trunk stores water food reserves or pseudo bulbs. This orchid can be reproduced by a split, splitting Keiki, seeds. Example: Dendrobium sp., Cattleya sp.

Growing Orchids Under Places

Epiphytic orchids

Orchids that grow on other trees ride without harming their host plants and require shade from sunlight. Orchid roots absorb nutrients from rain, fog and the air around. Examples: Cattleya sp., Dendrobiumsp.,

Terrestrial orchids

Orchid that grows in the soil and require direct sunlight. roots take food from the soil. Example: Vanda sp.

Saprophyte orchids.

Orchids that grow on media containing humus or leaves, as well as menbutuhkan little natural light. This species has no leaves and chlorophyll. Example: Goodyera sp.

Litofit orchids.

Orchids that grow on rocks or rocky soil, and resistant to full sunlight. Anggek is taking food from the rain, air, humus. Example: Paphiopedilum sp.

Utilization

Orchids are known as popular ornamental plant that used the flowers. Orchids are very beautiful and almost unlimited variations. Common orchid sold as potted plants or as cut flowers. Indonesia has a wealth of orchid species are very high, especially orchids are epiphytes living in trees of the forest, from Sumatra to Papua. Orchid flower charm months is the nation of Indonesia. Orchids also became the national flower of Singapore and Thailand.

Orchids are often used as a symbol of love, luxury, and beauty for centuries. The Greeks use the orchid as a symbol of virility, while the Chinese in ancient times believed that orchids as plants that emit the fragrance of the body of the Emperor of China.

At mid-day, orchids have an important role in the development of treatment techniques using herbs. Its use also extends to the subject of herbs and was even believed to be the main ingredient in love potions potion making certain period. When orchids appeared in a dream a person, it is believed as a symbol representative of a deep need to be kelembuatan, romance, and fidelity in a relationship. Finally, at the beginning of the 18th century, orchid collecting activities began to be a lot of activities carried out in all corners of the world, mainly because of the beauty of this plant.

Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia) is also a member of the orchid-anggrekan tribe. This plant used the fruit. To produce fruit, vanilla must be "mated" by humans, because insects penyerbuknya unable to live outside the region of origin, although the current efforts toward the utilization of the insects began to be done.

The types of ornamental orchids

The mention of the type common ornamental orchid genus is mentioned by name just because a lot of hybrids between species and antargenus that have been made. Consequently, the orchids have some sort of naming specific rules rather "deviant" from the ordinary rules of botanical naming.

Here are the names of popular ornamental orchid genus:

* Cattleya, large and spectacular flowers, but difficult to maintain

* Dendrobium, the most popular ornamental plants from among the types of orchids

* Grammatophylum, its members including giant orchid Papua

* Oncidium, orchids including "golden showers"

* Phalaenopsis], its popularity approaching Dendrobium. Orchid month is one of its kind

* Spathyphyllum, ground orchid

* Vanda, usually as cut flowers